I host a few docker containers and use nginx proxy manager to access them externally since I like to have access away from home. Most of them have some sort of login system but there are a few examples where there isn’t so I currently don’t publicly expose them. I would ideally like to be able to use totp for this as well.
basicauth: https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/directives/basicauthmost reverse proxies have SSO tooling that you can set up pretty easily
But honestly, have you considered just using wireguard for these cases? It’s much more secure if you just want a bunch of stuff hidden from the rest of the world
If you want a richer login authelia + caddy is good.